KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUTURE & OPTION

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A market much bigger than equities is the equity derivatives market in India. Derivatives basically consist of 2 key products in India Options and Futures. The difference between future and options is that while futures are linear, options are not linear. Derivatives mean that they do not have any value of their own but their value is derived from an underlying asset. For example, options and futures on Reliance Industries will be linked to the stock price of Reliance Industries and will derive their value from the same. Options and Futures trading constitute an important part of the Indian equity markets. Let us understand the differences between Options and Futures and how equity futures and the options market form an integral part of the overall equity market

What are Futures and Options?

A Future is a right and an obligation to buy or sell an underlying stock (or other assets) at a predetermined price and deliverable at a predetermined time. Options are a right without an obligation to buy or sell equity or index. A Call Option is a right to buy while a Put Option is a right to sell.

So, how do I benefit from options and futures?

Let us look at futures first. Assume that you want to buy 2850 shares of Tata Motors at a price of Rs.500. That will entail an investment of Rs.14 lac 25 thousand. Alternatively, you can also buy 1 lot (consisting of 2850 shares) of Tata Motors. The advantage is that when you buy futures, you only pay the margin which (let us say) is around 20% of the full value. That means your profits will be five-fold that of when you are invested in equities. But, the losses could also be five-fold and that is the risk of leveraged trades.An Option is a right without an obligation. So, you can buy a Tata Motors 500 Call Option at a price of Rs. 10. Since the lot size is 2850 shares, your maximum loss will be Rs. 28500 only. On the downside, even if Tata Motors goes up to Rs .400, your loss will only be Rs. 28500. On the upside, above Rs. 510 your profits will be unlimited.

How to trade in Options and Futures?

Options and Futures are traded in contracts of 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. All F&O contracts will expire on the last Thursday of the month. Futures will trade at a Futures price which is normally at a premium to the spot price due to the time value. There will only be one Futures price for a stock for one contract. For example, in November 2021, one can trade in December Futures, January Futures and February Futures of Tata Motors. Trading in Options is slightly more complicated as you actually trade the premiums. So, there will be different strikes traded for the same stock for Call Options and for Put Options. So, in the case of Tata Motors, the Call Options premium of 500 call will be Rs. 11 while these Option prices will be progressively lower as your strikes go higher.

Understanding some Options and Futures basics

Futures offer the advantage of trading equities with a margin. But the risks are unlimited on the opposite side irrespective of whether you are long or short on the futures. When it comes to options, the buyer can limit losses to the extent of the premium paid only. Since options are non-linear, they are more amenable to complex Options and Futures strategies. When you buy are sell futures you are required to pay upfront margin and mark-to-market (MTM) margins. When you sell an option also you are required to pay initial margins and MTM margins. However, when you buy options you are only required to pay the premium margins. That is all!

Understanding the quadrants of Options and Futures

When it comes to Futures the periphery is quite simple. If you expect the stock price to go up then you buy Futures on the stock and if you expect the stock price to go down then you sell Futures on the stock or the index. Options will have 4 possibilities. Let us understand each one of them with an Options and Futures trading example. Let us assume that axisbank is currently quoting at Rs. 1000. Let us understand how different traders will use different kinds of options based on their outlook.

How to handle option trading in expiry week ?

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The most common expiry trading strategy used is to buy options with multiple strike prices. This will increase the chance the stock will move in their favor and expire in the money before expiration. Usually, the options premium is very cheap due to time decay.

3 simple rules to follow in expiry week while trading options

1.) Tighten the horizons as much as you can
2.) Avoid carry forward of single long option trade into next session, and
3.) Select slightly in the money strikes especially towards the end of the day

For a bullish view, sell 2 higher strike calls for every call bought. For a bearish view, sell two lower strikes puts for every put bought.Make sure there is at least a difference of two strikes between the ones bought and sold and there is an absolute stop loss mechanism deployed as an exit strategy.

What's the difference between call options and put options?

For the beginner options trader, think of calls as securities that allow you to make a bet that a stock or index price will move UP past a certain level in the near future. And think of put options as securities that allow you to make a bet that a stock or index price will FALL below a certain level in the near future.

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Futures vs Options: What's the Difference?

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Futures and options are both financial instruments used to profit on, or hedge against, the price movement of commodities or other investments. The key difference between the two is that futures require the contract holder to buy the underlying asset on a specific date in the future, while options — as the name implies — give the contract holder the option of whether to execute the contract. That difference has an impact on how futures and options are traded and priced and how investors can use them to make money.

Future- When someone refers to "futures," they're really referring to futures contracts. A futures contract says a contract holder will buy the underlying asset on a certain date regardless of the asset's market price at that time. They agree to a price when they purchase the contract. The underlying asset could be a physical commodity like corn or oil or another financial instrument such as stocks. When you buy a futures contract, your broker won't require you to stake the entire value of the contract. Instead, you'll only have to hold a small percentage of the cash needed for the purchase, which is called an initial margin payment. The price of the contract will fluctuate. If you, as the contract holder, are showing too big of a loss, your broker may require you to deposit more money.

Option- The underlying asset is another financial instrument such as a stock, bond, or even a futures contract. A standard stock option is for 100 shares of the underlying stock. Options for commodities futures use the same standard units as the futures.
When you buy an option, you pay a premium for the option. This is usually just a small amount relative to the strike price of the contract. As an options buyer, this is the most you have at risk. An options contract can never be worth less than $0. 

What are Nifty Options?

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Before understanding nifty options, first we need to understand what an option instrument is.

Just like derivatives futures, options too is an derivative product where the buyer holds a right to execute option of either buying or selling of shares or another underlying at a certain pre-determined price (also known as the strike price) during a pre-determined time period. The 2 types of Options are Call Options i.e. The Right to Buy and Put Options i.e. The Right to Sell.A Call option gives buyer an option to “BUY” underlying asset at an agreed upon price with a expiry date on this contract. Likewise Put gives buyer an option to “SELL” at agree upon price with a expiry date on this contract. Hence, Call buyer would want prices of the underlying to go up and put buyers would like to see prices of underlying falling.
Lot size of Nifty Options – 50 (Subject to revision from time to time)